What is vermicompost?Dung, grass-straw, garbage, etc. organic matter ingested by earthworms comes out from their digestive system in a ground state, it is called vermicompost
Location selection for vermicompost.
A shady and moist environment is required to make vermicompost. Therefore vermicompost should be made under dense shady trees or under-ventilated thatch. At the time of selection of the place, special care should be taken for proper drainage and near the source of water.
Time to make vermicompost.
By the way, farmer brothers can make Time to make vermicompost throughout the year. But earthworms are more efficient at temperatures of 15 to 20 degrees centigrade.
Selection of earthworm species for vermicompost.
Although many species are used to make vermicompost, Eisinia photo da species is always suitable for farmers. This species is also easy to maintain.
Earthworm and vermicompost utility.
Earthworms play an important role in soil formation and soil productivity. They make holes in the soil, which increases air circulation within it. Earthworms take out the soil by eating it, due to which the work of turning the soil is also done, consequently the soil becomes brittle. Earthworms and other micro-pests make the farm useful by decomposing 50,000 kg / ha of organic material in a year. For the information of farmers, comparative details of vermicompost and cow dung are shown.
Comparative description of vermicompost and cow dung manure.
Element vermicompost (percent volume) cow dung manure (percent volume)
Nitrogen 1.00 - 1.60 0.40 - 0.75
Phosphorus 0.50 - 5.04 0.17 - 0.30
Potash 0.80 - 1.50 0.20 - 0.55
Calcium 0.44 0.91
Magnesium 0.15 0.19
Loh (PPM) 175.20 146.50
Manganese (ppm) 96.51 69.00
Zinc (PPM) 24.43 14.50
Copper (PPM) 4.89 2.80
Carbon-nitrogen ratio 15.50 31.28
Time is taken to make manure 3 months 12 months
Resistance to insects and diseases develops.
Ingredients for making vermicompost
1. For convenience or to make 2 square meter pit - earthworm or vermicompost.
2. 1-centimeter size pebble stone pieces - to fill the pit 3 inches.
3. Sand soil - To fill the pit 3 inches.
4. Rotten cow dung manure - 60 to 80 kg.
5. Dried organic matter - 40 to 60 kg.
6. Farm waste and waste from the home - 140 to 160 kg.
7. Earthworm - 2000
8. Water - at constant convenience
How to produce vermicompost.
vermicompost can be produced in pits made of 6 X 3 X 3 feet, or in wooden boxes or plastic crates. Such a system has to be made in plastic crates or wooden boxes, so that water does not stop in it. For this, 6 to 9 holes of the size of one-centimeter radius are made for drainage, after this, fill the pit, or wooden box or plastic crate in this way, like-
1. First, lay a three-inch-thick layer of small pieces of brick or stone of two to three inches size.
2. Now spread a layer of sand about three inches thick on the layer of this stone.
3. Spread a layer of fine loam at least 6 inches thick over this layer of sand.
4. Moisten the soil 50 to 60 percent by spraying water over a thick layer of soil, then leave it at the rate of 1000 earthworms per square meter.
5. After this, put cow dung or dung on the thick layer of soil at a distance of 8 to 10 and then spread a thick fold of three to four inches of dry leaves, grass, or straw on it.
6. To cover it, one should use sack sacks, palm or coconut leaves, and cover it. In this way, the living space of vermin and earthworms is made. Keep pouring water on it every day, so that the soil remains moist, if the cow dung ends in it, then put a little dung in it, do this process for thirty days.
7. After thirty days, remove the sacking sacks, palm or coconut leaves, and add two to three inches thick layer of botanical waste or dry botanicals with green vegetation in the ratio of 60:40 and its Small piles of 8 to 10 dung are kept on top.
8. When adding this waste, plastic, metal and glass pieces should be removed from it. After this, it should be covered again and water should be kept to keep the soil moist.
9. Use this waste twice a week till the pit is full and spraying water daily.
10. vermicompost is ready 45 days after the pit is filled. In these 45 days, keep turning the garbage waste once a week and stop giving water, stop giving water on the 45th day, after two to three days earthworms will move to the vermin.
11. Take out the vermicompost and stack it in the stove, by doing this the remaining earthworms in the compost will move to the bottom of the compost.
12. Now remove the above vermicompost and you can remove the earthworms and use them again.
13. To use vermicompost as per need, dry it in the open air and fill it in a plastic bag with 20 to 25 percent moisture.
Quantity and method of use of vermicompost
Number Crop Name Quantity
1 cane 5.00 tons per hectare
2 cotton 3.75 tons per hectare
3 rice, wheat, jowar, millet, maize 2.50 tons per hectare
4 Groundnut, pigeon pea, Urdu, moong 2.50 ton per hectare
5 vegetables (potato, tomato, brinjal, carrot, cauliflower, onion, garlic etc.) 1.87 t / ha
6 roses, jasmine, marigold flowers etc. 3.75 tons per hectare
7 chilies, ginger, turmeric etc. 3.75 tonnes per hectare
8 grapes, pineapple, banana etc. 3.75 to 5.00 tons per hectare
9 coconut, mango 4 to 5 kg per plant (less than 5 years)
8 to 10 kg per plant (more than 5 years)
10 lemons, orange, mustard, pomegranate 3 to 4 kg per plant (less than 5 years)
6 to 8, kg per plant (more than 5 years)
Plants planted in 11 pots 250.
vermicompost should be spread in the field by spreading it, the intention should be that vermicompost should be spread evenly throughout the field and mixed into the soil.
Benefits of vermicompost.
The benefits of using vermicompost are as follows,
1. It also contains all the nutrients, hormones, and James for the plants, whereas only nitrogen, phosphorus, and potash are found in fertilizers.
2. Its effect stays in the field for more days and nutrients are gradually received by the plants, while the effect of fertilizer ends soon.
3. It contains a high amount of bacteria, which increases water exploitation and water holding power in the land and also helps to prevent soil erosion while using fertilizer does not have these benefits.
4. It contains humic acid, which helps in reducing the pH value of the ground. It is an important contributor to the improvement of Usar land, while more use of fertilizer makes the soil useless.
5. Due to its use, beneficial microorganisms found inside the soil get food, due to which they remain more active.
6. Its entire life cycle is chemical-free, because of the crop produced by the quality is higher than any chemical crop produced.
7. It is used in the preparation of garbage, waste, animal feces, and plant residues around the house, which also keeps the environment clean.
8. It contains nitrogen 1.00 to 1.60 percent, phosphate 0.50 to 5.04 percent, and potash 0. 80 to 1.50 percent, which is much more than the quantity available in cow dung manure, city, or village compost, and green manure.
9. Sometimes, in the use of fertilizers, the deposition percentage of crops is reduced, whereas it has a high percentage of growth and the growth of roots is also high.
10. The presence of microorganisms in its use inhibits the growth of nematodes.
11. Its use improves the configuration and structure of the land, while fertilizers spoil it.
12. If on average 220 kg of urea, 110 kg of DAP, and 85 kg of potash is used per hectare in a paddy field, it costs a total of Rs 2700 or more per hectare. This amount can be saved by adding only 6 tonnes per hectare of vermicompost to the paddy field.
13. Complete nutrient fertilizer for crops.
14. It is a completely natural fertilizer for crops, it has no side effects.
15. Develops the ability to fight pest diseases in crops and land.
16. Reduces soil erosion and contributes significantly to the development of a pollution-free environment.
17. In crop production, the cost gradually decreases and profit increases.
18. The size, color, brightness and taste of crops improve, the production capacity of the land increases, the product quality also increases as a result.
19. Increases air circulation inside the ground.
20. Increases the lifespan of products, they do not spoil quickly.
21. Farmers themselves can make it at a lower cost, while they have to depend on other companies for fertilizers.
Precautions while preparing vermicompost'
1. The pit should be made in a shady and high place.
2. When using a plastic crate or wooden box, a semi-circular hole should be made at the bottom so that the drainage continues.
3. The moisture content should always remain in the pit from 60 to 65 percent.
4. Do not put cow dung directly on earthworms, this can kill earthworms, and the temperature should also be normal.
5. Do not use any chemicals in it while preparing vermicompost.
6. The temperature of the mixture should be 25 to 30 centigrade.
7. Always separate the manure by hand, never use any machine.
Other uses of earthworms.
1. Earthworms are used in making Ayurvedic medicine.
2. Powder, lipstick, and ointment earthworms are used to prepare such valuable toiletries.
3. Medicines are prepared from precious amino acids and enzymes obtained from earthworms.
So in this way you can prepare vermicompost for your plants, vegetables, and crops at a small and large scale. And you can save the cost of chemical fertilizers and also save your land from the exploitation of chemicals and pesticides.
